Flow battery technologies come in several variants, each offering distinct advantages for large-scale energy storage.
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Organic flow batteries utilise carbon-based molecules instead of metals, creating a sustainable, metal-free option that reduces environmental impact and costs.
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Vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFBs), the most established type, offer exceptional stability and cycle life by using vanadium ions in various oxidation states, making them ideal for grid-scale applications requiring durability and long-duration storage.
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Iron flow batteries, on the other hand, leverage the abundance and affordability of iron to provide a cost-effective solution, especially suited for scenarios where low-cost energy storage is prioritised over high energy density.